Autumn Thoughts
马致远
枯藤老树昏鸦
小桥流水人家
古道西风瘦马
夕阳西下
断肠人在天涯
kū téng lǎo shù hūn yā
xiǎo qiáo liú shuǐ rén jiā
gǔ dào xī fēng shòu mǎ
xī yáng xī xià
duàn cháng rén zài tiān yá
Withered vines, old tree, evening crows; little bridge, flowing water, someone’s home; ancient road, west wind, lean horse. Sunset in the west—a heartbroken person at sky’s edge.
Image montage of exile—almost no verbs, all longing.
马致远《天净沙·秋思》：枯藤老树昏鸦——意象并列成乡愁；断肠人在天涯是点题。元曲的镜头感。今日：漂泊清单若只剩景物，人就成了那句「断肠」。
Ma Zhiyuan’s Autumn Thoughts: withered vine, old tree, dusk crows—images stacked into homesickness; the broken-heart at world’s edge titles it. Yuan song as camera. Today: if a wanderer’s list is only scenery, the person becomes that last line.
情绪低落时列出眼前物件：有时排列本身就能托住心情。
List what you see—arrangement can hold a mood.
Read first, then practice — fill in lines and write a character.
Fill in the blanks
Practice calligraphy